Rumbun IlimiTarihin Jahar Kaduna
Gabatarwa
Zagayen wani kogi da ake kira Kadduna, akwai wasu ƙauyuka da mutane ke zaune warwatse a gurin. Daga cikin irin waɗannan jama'a akwai ƙabilu da suka fi yawa kamar irin su Gbagyi wanda Bahaushe yake kira Gwari, da kuma Fulani. Gwarawa na zaune a ƙauyen Kudanda, wanda yanzu ya zama Kakuri, Fulani kuma ta nasu ɓangaren suna zaune a Kukogi wanda yanzu ta koma Gworo. Wannan kogi matattara ce ta kadoji wanda hakan ta jawo ake kiran sa da suna Kadduna, ita kuma wannan kalma ta Kadduna, jama'un kalmar kada ce, wacce ma'anarta ita ce kadodi ko kadoji.
Waɗannan ƙananan ƙauyuka guda biyu, su ne suka bunƙasa daga baya suka zama matattar cincirindon sojojin mulkin-mallaka na ƙasar Birtaniya, sannan kuma helikwatar mulkin Lardin Arewa, sannan kuma daga baya ta koma helikwatar jahar tsakiyar arewa, daga ƙarshe kuma ta zama helikwatar tsurar Jahar Kaduna, kamar yadda take a yanzu.
Kogin Kaduna
Wannan jaha ta Kaduna, a tsakiyar arewancin Najeriya take. Ta yi iyaka da jahohin Zamfara, Naija (Niger), Katsina, Kano, Bauchi, Nassarawa, Filato (Plateu), da kuma babban birnin tarayyar Najeriya, Abuja.
Tana da faɗin ƙasa da ya kai murabba’in kilomita 46,020 (64, 020 sq. KM). Jahar Kaduna ita ce jaha ta goma sha biyu mafi faɗin ƙasa a tarayyar Najeriya, sannan kuma ta uku a yawan jama’a (Kaduna State Ministry of Budget and Planning, 2016).
Amma Hukumar Tsimi da Tsare-tsare ta jahar Kadunan Kaduna State Ministry of Economic Planning (2013), cewa ta yi faɗin ƙasar Kaduna yakai murabba’in kilomita 46,053 sq km wanda ya yi daidai da kashi biyar bisa ɗari (5%) na faɗin ƙasar Najeriya.
Kaduna daga Tushe
Sir Fredrick John Dealtry Luguard, Baturen Ingila, kuma shugaban bataliyar sojojin Ingila, shi ya yankawa wannan yanki suna ya zama Kaduna a shekarar 1912, gurin da ya fara da zama sansanin rundunar sojojin rundunar mayaƙan Afirka ta Yamma (West African Frontier Force) daga baya kuma ya zama helikwatar mulkin Lardin Arewa a 1916.
Wannan guri ya kasance a tsakiyar Yankin Arewacin Najeriya (Kaduna State Ministry of Budget and Planning, 2016), sannan ga wannan makeken kogi da shi Fredrick John Dealtry Lugard ya yi harsashen cewa ba zai taɓa ƙafewa ba, da kuma ma kasancewar ta mahaɗa ta titin jirgin ƙasa daga Lagos zuwa Kano. Waɗannan, da ma wasu dalilan da ba’a ambata ba, su suka saka Lugard ya zaɓi wannan waje ya zama helikwatar mulkin Lardin Arewa. Amma da (a baya kafin wannan lokacin) wasu ƙauyuka ne guda biyu, ɗayan ƙabilar Gbagi (Gwari) ke zaune a ciki mai suna Kudanda wanda ya canja suna zuwa Kakuri, sai kuma ɗaya ƙauyen da ƙabilar Fulani ke zaune ciki shi kuma sunansa Kukogi wanda yanzu ta koma Gworo. Kaduna kenan.
Kafuwarta
Kafuwar garin Kaduna ya sha bambam da abin da aka saba na kafuwar garuruwa, wannan gari tun farkonsa alƙarya ce. Gari ne da ya kafu a matsayin sansanin rudunar soja da kuma helikwatar mulkin Lardin Arewa a lokaci guda.
A karon farko, rundunar mayaƙan Afirka ta Yamma wace aka kira West African Frontier Force (WAFF) a Turance, su suka fara tasowa daga tsohon sansaninsu na da, suka dawo Kaduna. Sannan sai kamfanoni kamar irin su Kamfanin Naija Royal (Niger Royal Company) da sauransu. Sannan kuma sai helikwatar mulkin Lardin Arewa itama ta bi bayansu.
Tasowar waccar ruduna ta mayaƙa daga Zungeru zuwa Kaduna a ranar 21 ga watan Fabarairu na shekarar 1913, ita ce tushen kafuwar wannan gari na Kaduna. Abin nufi a nan shi ne cewa wannan ruduna ta sojoji su ne mazauna Kaduna na farko. Wannan tawaga ta kai kimanin mutane dubu biyar da ɗari bakwai da tamanin da uku (5,783) da dukkan kayan aikinsu. Kamar yadda Bello da Oyedele (Shekarar bugu ta yage) suka kawo.
Zaman wannan jama’a a wannan sabon guri wanda aka samar, wato sansanin sojojin West African Frontier Force (WAFF), shi ya buɗe hanyar kwararowar jama’a daga sassa daban-daban da nufin gudanar da kasuwanci da samar da sauran abubuwan buƙata da waɗannan jama’a za su iya nema. Hausawa da Gwarawa, su suka fi yawa a cikin waɗannan baƙi, amma akwai sauran ƙabilun Najeriya kamar irin su Nupe, Yarabawa, Inyamurai, da sauransu.
Shekaru uku da zaman wannan ruduna ta mayaƙa a wannan gari na Kaduna, sai kuma ƙaurar helikwatar mulkin Lardin Arewa ta biyo bayansu wacce da take a garin Jebba, daga baya kuma ta koma Zungero inda ta zauna tsawon shekara goma, sannan kuma ta ƙaura Kaduna. Wannan ƙaura an yi ta ne a cikin shekarar 1917. Haƙiƙa, wannan babbar tawaga ta ƙunshi dukkan masu mulki da muƙarabbansu kamawa tun daga kan Gwamna har zuwa masinja da masu share-share.
Kaduna, ta ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin helikwatar mulkin Lardin Arewa (Northern Region) wanda ya haɗe dukan jahohin arewa guda 19 ciki har da Abuja a ƙarƙashinsa, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da shugaban Najeriya Janaral Yakubu Gowon ya rarraba ta zuwa jahohi shida wanda daga cikinsu akwai Jahar Tsakiyar Arewa (North-Central State) wacce ita Kaduna ta ci gaba da zama helikwatar mulkin ta.
Jahar Tsakiyar Arewa
A shekarar 1967, Kaduna ta tashi daga helikwatar mulkin Lardin Arewa ta Koma Jahar Tsakiyar Arewa. Wannan ya biyo bayan ƙirƙirar wasu jahohi guda shida da aka yi a Arewancin Najeriya a lokacin mulkin shugaban ƙasa Janaral Yakubu Gowon.
A lokacin da take Jahar Tsakiyar Arewa, mulkin ta ya haɗe dukkan faɗin masarautun Zazzau, Katsina, da kuma Daura, waɗanda suna daga cikin manyan masarautun arewacin Najeriya. Ta zauna a wannan matsayin har zuwa shekarar 1975 lokacin da Marigayi Tsohon Shugaban Ƙasa Janaral Murtala ya canja mata suna zuwa jahar Kaduna.Zamowarta Jahar Kaduna
A cikin shekarar 1976, wannan jaha wacce ke da suna na Jahar Tsakiyar Arewa (North-Central State) ta rikiɗe ta koma Jahar Kaduna, sunan da shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na wancan lokacin, Janaral Murtala Ramat Muhammad ya bata.
Daga baya kuma a cikin shekarar 1987, shugaban ƙasar Najeriya Janaral Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya sake cire jahar Katsina daga cikinta, matsayin da ya mayar da ita tsurar jahar Kaduna kamar yadda take a yanzu.
Ƙananan Hukomomi
Jahar Kaduna a yau tana da ƙananan hukumomi guda ashirin da uku kamar haka:
Birnin Gwari |
Chikun |
Giwa |
Igabi |
Ikara |
Jaba |
Jema'a |
Kachia |
Kaduna North |
Kaduna South |
Kagarko |
Kajuru |
Ƙaura |
Kauru |
Kubau |
Kudan |
Lere |
Maƙarfi |
Sabon Gari |
Sanga |
Soba |
Zangon Kataf |
Zaria |
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Manazarta:
Kaduna State Ministry of Budget and Planning. (2016). Kaduna State in Perspective 6th Edition. Multimate Inv. Nig. Limited, Kinkino Road, Kaduna-Nigeria.
Kaduna State Ministry of Economic Planning. (2013). Kaduna State Government, State Development Plan, 2014-2018.
Haruna M. (babu shekarar bugu). People and Politics, a (Brief) History of Kaduna: the city of crocodiles. An ciro a shekarar (2016) daga shafin: http://www.gamji.com/haruna/haruna251.htm
Wikipedia (2016). Kaduna State. An ciro a shekarar (2016), daga shafin: www.wikipedia.com
Bello da Oyedele (shekarar bugu ta yage). Cities of the Savannah.